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DELIVERABLE 1.5 Visualisation of cause-effect relations and potential systemic effects – frontrunning regions

This report presents the cause-effect relations of climate hazards such as Drought, Heat, Flooding and Heavy Rain through climate impact chains (CIC). Additionally, nature-based solutions (NbS) are addressed, and examples of NbS interventions that can be implemented within the framework of the Land4Climate project are introduced. The objective of the report is to offer an overview of the cause-effect relations of climate hazards on multiple sectors and to illustrate the systemic effects of nature-based solutions on mitigating the impacts of climate hazards.


After a brief introduction, the report outlines the concept of CIC and presents the individual CIC for the climate hazards Drought, Heat, Flooding, Heavy Rain and Storm Surge highlighting their influence on various sectors. This is followed by a brief introduction to the concept of NbS, including a description of the characteristics that they should exhibit within the project context. Subsequently, various NbS measures are introduced, which can be implemented on private land within the five sectors: built environment, agriculture, forest, coast, and rivers. Concluding the deliverable is a summary of key findings and insights.

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